What is hub?
A hub is a simple networking device that connects multiple computers or other devices together in one place. It receives data signals from any device and then broadcasts (re‑sends) that data to all the other devices attached to it.
Let's break it down
- Port: Each device plugs into a port on the hub.
- Signal: When one device sends data, the hub turns that data into an electrical signal.
- Broadcast: The hub sends the same signal out through every other port, so all devices hear it.
- No intelligence: Unlike a switch, a hub doesn’t know which device the data is really meant for; it just repeats it to everyone.
Why does it matter?
Because it lets multiple computers share a single network connection without needing complex configuration. In the early days of networking, hubs were the easiest way to create a small local area network (LAN) for sharing files, printers, or an internet connection.
Where is it used?
- Small home or office networks before switches became cheap.
- Temporary setups for demonstrations, classrooms, or testing.
- Legacy equipment that only supports hub connections.
- Some industrial or embedded systems where simplicity is more important than performance.
Good things about it
- Very cheap and easy to install.
- No special configuration required; just plug in devices.
- Works with any Ethernet device that uses the same cable type (e.g., Cat5e, Cat6).
- Provides a quick way to expand a network when you only need low traffic.
Not-so-good things
- Speed limits: All devices share the same bandwidth, so heavy traffic slows everyone down.
- Collisions: Because data is broadcast to all ports, signals can clash, causing network errors.
- Security: Every device can see all traffic, making it easier for someone to sniff data.
- Obsolete: Modern networks prefer switches or routers, which are faster, smarter, and more secure.