What is ipconfig?

ipconfig is a built‑in command‑line tool for Windows computers that displays the current network settings of your device. It shows information such as your IP address, subnet mask, default gateway, and DNS servers, helping you understand how your computer is connected to a network.

Let's break it down

  • IP address - the unique number assigned to your computer on the network.
  • Subnet mask - tells your computer which part of the IP address refers to the network and which part refers to the device.
  • Default gateway - the router or device that forwards traffic from your computer to other networks, like the internet.
  • DNS servers - translate website names (like www.example.com) into IP addresses.
  • /release and /renew - options that let you drop your current DHCP address and request a new one from the network.

Why does it matter?

Knowing your network details helps you troubleshoot connectivity problems, verify that you’re on the right network, and configure other devices correctly. It’s often the first step when a website won’t load, a printer can’t be found, or you need to set up a static IP address.

Where is it used?

  • In the Windows Command Prompt or PowerShell when you type ipconfig.
  • By IT support staff to quickly check a user’s network configuration.
  • In scripts and batch files for automated network diagnostics.
  • During classroom labs or self‑learning exercises about networking basics.

Good things about it

  • Comes pre‑installed on every Windows machine - no extra download needed.
  • Provides essential network info in a clear, readable format.
  • Simple commands (/all, /release, /renew) cover most everyday troubleshooting needs.
  • Works quickly and can be run from remote sessions or scripts.

Not-so-good things

  • Only available on Windows; macOS and Linux use different commands (ifconfig, ip).
  • Shows limited detail compared to more advanced tools like Wireshark or PowerShell’s Get‑NetIPConfiguration.
  • Some options (like releasing/renewing) require administrator privileges.
  • Lacks a graphical interface, which can be intimidating for users who prefer visual tools.