What is kotlin?

Kotlin is a modern programming language that runs on the Java Virtual Machine (JVM). It was created by JetBrains in 2011 and is fully interoperable with Java, meaning you can use Kotlin code together with existing Java libraries. Kotlin is designed to be concise, safe, and expressive, making it easier to write and maintain code.

Let's break it down

  • Statically typed: The compiler knows the type of every variable at compile time, which helps catch errors early.
  • Concise syntax: Common tasks need fewer lines of code compared to Java.
  • Null‑safety: Kotlin has built‑in features that prevent the dreaded NullPointerException.
  • Interoperability: You can call Java code from Kotlin and vice‑versa without extra wrappers.
  • Coroutines: A built‑in way to handle asynchronous tasks, making background work simpler.

Why does it matter?

Kotlin reduces boilerplate, which means developers spend less time writing repetitive code and more time solving real problems. Its safety features lower the chance of runtime crashes, leading to more reliable apps. Because it works everywhere Java does, companies can adopt Kotlin gradually without rewriting entire codebases.

Where is it used?

  • Android development: Officially supported by Google as a first‑class language for Android apps.
  • Server‑side: Used with frameworks like Ktor, Spring Boot, and Vert.x to build web services.
  • Desktop: Can create JavaFX or Swing applications.
  • Multiplatform: Kotlin/Native and Kotlin Multiplatform allow sharing code between Android, iOS, web, and embedded devices.

Good things about it

  • Readability: Cleaner code is easier to understand and review.
  • Safety: Null‑safety and immutable data structures reduce bugs.
  • Tooling: Excellent IDE support in IntelliJ IDEA and Android Studio.
  • Community & Ecosystem: Growing libraries, tutorials, and active community.
  • Future‑proof: Backed by Google for Android and continuously updated by JetBrains.

Not-so-good things

  • Learning curve: Developers coming from Java need time to adjust to new syntax and concepts.
  • Compilation speed: Sometimes slower than Java, especially for large projects.
  • Ecosystem maturity: While growing, some niche libraries are still Java‑only, requiring interop work.
  • Limited adoption outside Android: Compared to Java, fewer enterprises have fully embraced Kotlin for backend or desktop projects.