What is methods?

A method is a special kind of function that belongs to an object or a class in programming. It’s a block of code you can call to perform a specific task, and it usually works with the data stored inside that object.

Let's break it down

  • Object: A thing that holds data (properties) and actions (methods).
  • Class: A blueprint for creating objects.
  • Method: A function written inside a class that can use the object’s own data.
  • Calling a method: You write the object’s name, a dot, then the method name with parentheses, e.g., car.start().

Why does it matter?

Methods let you organize code around real‑world concepts, making programs easier to read, reuse, and maintain. They keep related data and behavior together, reducing mistakes and duplication.

Where is it used?

  • Object‑oriented languages like Java, Python, C#, Ruby, and JavaScript.
  • Game development (e.g., a player.move() method).
  • Web frameworks (e.g., a request.handle() method).
  • Any software that models things as objects, from mobile apps to enterprise systems.

Good things about it

  • Encapsulation: Bundles data and behavior, protecting internal details.
  • Reusability: Same method can be used by many objects of the same class.
  • Clarity: Code reads like natural language (e.g., user.login()).
  • Inheritance: Child classes can inherit and override methods, saving effort.

Not-so-good things

  • Over‑engineering: Adding too many classes and methods can make a simple program complex.
  • Performance: Method calls add a tiny overhead compared to plain functions, which can matter in tight loops.
  • Learning curve: Beginners may struggle with concepts like self/this and inheritance.
  • Tight coupling: If a method relies heavily on internal details, changing the class can break many parts of the code.