What is Ubuntu?

Ubuntu is a free, open-source operating system that works on computers, phones, and servers. It’s based on Linux and is designed to be easy to use, especially for people who are new to this kind of software.

Let's break it down

  • Free: You don’t have to pay money to download or use it.
  • Open-source: The code that makes Ubuntu run is publicly available, so anyone can look at it, change it, or share it.
  • Operating system: It’s the basic software that lets your computer’s hardware (like the screen, keyboard, and processor) talk to other programs.
  • Based on Linux: Ubuntu uses the Linux kernel, the core part that controls the hardware, but adds its own tools and a friendly interface.
  • Easy to use: It comes with a graphical desktop (like Windows or macOS) and helpful guides, so beginners can start right away.

Why does it matter?

Ubuntu gives anyone a powerful computer environment without the cost of commercial systems, and because it’s open-source, it encourages learning, customization, and community collaboration. It also powers many of the services we rely on online, so understanding it helps you grasp how the internet works.

Where is it used?

  • Personal computers: Many people install Ubuntu on laptops or desktops as their main OS for everyday tasks like browsing, writing, and media.
  • Servers: Companies run Ubuntu Server to host websites, cloud services, and databases because it’s stable and secure.
  • Internet of Things (IoT) devices: Small gadgets such as smart cameras or home-automation hubs often run a lightweight version of Ubuntu.
  • Education: Schools and coding bootcamps use Ubuntu to teach programming and system administration without licensing fees.

Good things about it

  • No purchase or licensing fees.
  • Strong community support with forums, tutorials, and regular updates.
  • High security and frequent patches.
  • Wide software library (through Ubuntu Software Center and Snap/Flatpak).
  • Works on old or low-spec hardware, extending the life of devices.

Not-so-good things

  • Some popular commercial software (e.g., Adobe Photoshop, Microsoft Office) isn’t natively available, requiring alternatives or workarounds.
  • Hardware compatibility can be tricky for very new or niche devices that lack Linux drivers.
  • Learning curve for command-line tasks can be steep for absolute beginners.
  • Certain enterprise environments may prefer paid support contracts over community help.